The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) is an organization focused on promoting economic integration and cooperation among its member countries. It also aims to ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared and to coordinate foreign policy.
The World Food Programme (WFP) is the world’s largest humanitarian organization, working to address food insecurity and promote resilience in collaboration with governments and the humanitarian community. WFP saves lives in emergencies and uses food assistance to improve nutrition and build resilience in communities.
Addressing food security in the Caribbean is important due to the region’s susceptibility to natural disasters, rising international debt, out-migration, rapid urbanization, and high imports to meet basic needs. Collaboration across agriculture, social protection, education, and finance sectors is essential for improving livelihood opportunities and contributing to the fight against food insecurity.
Check out this YouTube video featuring Mr. Regis Chapman, Caribbean Head of the World Food Programme, to learn about the important work being done to address food insecurity in the Caricom region.
Understanding CARICOM
Brief history of CARICOM
The Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) originated with the signing of the Treaty of Chaguaramas in 1973, where it replaced the former Caribbean Free Trade Association. It was established as an effort to fulfill the hope of regional integration that had emerged with the establishment of the British West Indies Federation in 1958.
Member countries and their contribution to the organization
CARICOM comprises twenty countries, including fifteen Member States and five Associate Members. These countries, although relatively small in terms of population and size, have diverse geography, culture, and levels of economic and social development.
Their collaboration aims to strengthen regional integration and promote social and economic development.
Goals and objectives of CARICOM
CARICOM’s objectives include improved standards of living and work, full employment of labor and other factors of production, accelerated economic development, and expansion of trade and economic relations with third States. The organization also emphasizes enhanced levels of international competitiveness and transparency, accountability, and operational excellence within its organs and institutions.
| No | Objective |
|---|---|
| 1. | Improved standards of living and work |
| 2. | Full employment of labor and resources |
| 3. | Accelerated and coordinated economic growth |
| 4. | Expansion of trade and economic relations |
| 5. | Enhanced international competitiveness |
CARICOM, with its roots in the Treaty of Chaguaramas, brings together a diverse group of countries with the shared objective of promoting economic growth, trade relations, and regional integration.
World Food Programme in the Caribbean
Role of the World Food Programme in addressing food security
The World Food Programme (WFP) plays a crucial role in addressing food security in the Caribbean by conducting food security and livelihood surveys to assess the impact of food insecurity on the population. Through collaborative efforts with CARICOM, WFP implements projects that aim to improve livelihood opportunities and contribute to enhancing food security and resilience in the region.
Collaborative efforts with CARICOM
WFP collaborates closely with CARICOM, along with governments, regional institutions, UN agencies, international financial institutions, and the private sector. This collaboration aims to address food security challenges comprehensively, with a focus on agriculture, social protection, education, and finance sectors to achieve sustainable progress in the region.
Initiatives and projects implemented in the region
WFP has implemented multiple initiatives and projects in the Caribbean to address food security challenges. These initiatives include vulnerability and risk analysis, assessments, and monitoring of cash programs, and the introduction of innovative digital solutions to increase accountability and inform decision-making.
Moreover, WFP is implementing development projects and joint programs with other UN agencies to strengthen food systems and improve resilience in the region.
| Initiative/Project | Description |
|---|---|
| Vulnerability and Risk Analysis | Assessing risks and vulnerabilities to develop targeted interventions. |
| Cash Programs Monitoring | Monitoring the effectiveness of cash assistance programs. |
| Digital Solutions Implementation | Introducing digital solutions for enhanced service delivery and decision-making. |
WFP’s dedication to addressing food security challenges in the Caribbean demonstrates its commitment to enhancing the well-being of the population and building resilience against food insecurity.
Challenges in Caribbean Food Security
Climate change and its impact on agriculture
Climate change severely affects agriculture in the Caribbean by causing scarcity of water for irrigation, leading to drought which decreases soil productivity and environmental carrying capacity. Additionally, sea-level rise contributes to the salinization of aquifers and loss of coastal agricultural lands, exacerbating the challenges faced by farmers and reducing their ability to sustainably produce food.
Economic factors affecting food accessibility
Economic factors play a significant role in hindering food accessibility in the Caribbean. The distribution of imported food in many Caribbean markets is often practiced under oligopolistic conditions, limiting price efficiency.
Moreover, low investment in domestic food distribution constrains the development of markets for locally produced food, further exacerbating the economic challenges and accessibility to affordable and healthy food options.
Food waste and its implications for food security
Food waste poses serious implications for food security in the Caribbean, as it reduces access to adequate, healthy food at individual, community, national, and global levels. Additionally, food waste contributes to the squandering of precious natural resources and hinders efforts to address food insecurity in the Caribbean region.
Efforts to reduce food waste and enhance food security are crucial for sustainable development and economic growth in the Caribbean nations.
| Challenges | Implications |
|---|---|
| Climate change | Decreased productivity and water scarcity |
| Economic factors | Limited price efficiency and constrained market development |
| Food waste | Reduced access to healthy food and waste of natural resources |
Addressing the challenges posed by climate change, economic factors, and food waste are crucial for enhancing food security in the Caribbean, ensuring access to healthy, affordable, and sustainably produced food across the region.
CARICOM’s Response to Food Insecurity
Policies and strategies in place to address food security
CARICOM has implemented comprehensive policies and strategies to address food security within its member countries. These include the Regional Food and Nutrition Security Policy, aimed at reducing regional food imports by 25% by 2025 through targeted investment and sustainable agriculture development.
Additionally, the organization is working on revising current food and nutrition security action plans and sector policies to tackle the complex issues related to food insecurity in the region.
Collaborative efforts with member countries and international organizations
CARICOM has engaged in collaborative efforts with both its member countries and international organizations to address food insecurity effectively. The organization has worked closely with international partners to secure food systems, agriculture, and trade, especially during the pandemic.
Furthermore, CARICOM has promoted cooperation and sustainable development of fisheries and aquaculture resources within member states to ensure a collective approach to food security.
Success stories and case studies of effective interventions
Several success stories and case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions led by CARICOM in addressing food insecurity. The organization has implemented pilot interventions to combat food insecurity, and evidence has shown a reduction in the prevalence of food insecurity through direct provision of food and monetary assistance.
These interventions have provided clear and convincing evidence of the positive impact of targeted efforts in addressing food insecurity within the CARICOM region.
| Country | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Barbados | Direct food provision | Significant reduction in food insecurity |
| Jamaica | Monetary assistance | Improved access to adequate food |
These concrete examples highlight the success and effectiveness of CARICOM’s interventions in combatting food insecurity within its member countries.
Remember, this is just the start of a conversation about how to address the issue of food insecurity within CARICOM. I hope this response has been helpful.
Impact of Food Insecurity on Caribbean Communities
Health implications of food insecurity
The lack of access to nutritious food in the Caribbean has led to serious health implications. Malnutrition, especially among children and pregnant women, has resulted in stunted growth and cognitive development.
Additionally, the prevalence of diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity and diabetes, has increased significantly due to poor dietary choices stemming from food insecurity.
Socio-economic effects on vulnerable populations
Food insecurity has deeply entrenched socio-economic effects on vulnerable populations in the Caribbean. It has exacerbated poverty levels, leading to increased inequalities and hindered economic growth.
Moreover, it has resulted in lower productivity and hindered educational attainment, creating a vicious cycle of poverty and deprivation.
Long-term consequences for the region
The long-term consequences of food insecurity in the Caribbean are far-reaching. With around 67.5% of the population living in moderate or severe food insecurity, the region faces ongoing challenges in achieving food sovereignty.
Moreover, the combination of natural disasters, rising international debt, and high imports to meet basic needs further compounds the issue, posing a significant threat to the region’s development and stability.
World Food Programme’s Efforts to Address Food Insecurity
Distribution of food aid and nutritional support
The CARICOM World Food Programme has been tirelessly distributing food aid and providing essential nutritional support to vulnerable populations in the Caribbean region. Through a well-coordinated network of distribution centers and strategic partnerships, the program ensures that individuals and families in need receive sufficient and nutritious food supplies to alleviate hunger and malnutrition.
Education and training programs for sustainable agriculture
In collaboration with local agricultural experts and communities, the CARICOM World Food Programme offers comprehensive education and training programs focused on sustainable agriculture. These initiatives equip farmers with the knowledge and resources to enhance crop yields, optimize land usage, and implement eco-friendly farming practices, ultimately promoting long-term food security and self-sufficiency.
Disaster response and resilience building initiatives
With a proactive approach to disaster management, the CARICOM World Food Programme has developed robust response and resilience-building initiatives. These efforts include pre-positioning emergency food supplies, establishing early warning systems, and conducting community drills to enhance preparedness for natural disasters.
By fostering resilience and mitigating vulnerabilities, the program plays a pivotal role in safeguarding livelihoods and reducing the impact of unforeseen crises.
Innovative Solutions for Food Security
Technology and modern agricultural practices
The rapid advancement of technology in agriculture has revolutionized modern farming practices. Innovations such as precision farming, drip irrigation systems, and mechanization have significantly boosted agricultural productivity, reduced operational costs, and improved the overall quality of food production.
For instance, precision farming utilizes GPS, sensors, and data analytics to optimize crop management, resulting in higher yields and resource efficiency. Similarly, the adoption of drip irrigation techniques ensures efficient water usage, minimizing waste and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.
Public-private partnerships in addressing food insecurity
Public-private partnerships (PPP) play a pivotal role in tackling food insecurity by leveraging the strengths of both sectors. By collaborating with governments, private companies, and NGOs, these partnerships create innovative solutions to improve agri-food systems, subsequently reducing food scarcity and advancing global food security.
For example, initiatives like the Fresh Food Financing Initiative and Agritourism have successfully addressed food insecurity and nutrition challenges through their collaborative nature, leading to substantial benefits for communities in need.
Community-based initiatives and empowerment programs
Community-based participatory interventions are essential in enhancing food security and empowering local communities. These initiatives engage and involve local residents in the decision-making process, offering culturally appropriate strategies to combat food insecurity.
For instance, community-based programs like mobile markets, co-ops, and community freezers have significantly increased access to affordable, healthy food options, addressing the specific needs of diverse populations and fostering sustainable solutions to food insecurity.
| Advantages of Public-Private Partnerships |
|---|
| 1. Enhanced innovation and resource mobilization |
| 2. Collaborative problem-solving approach |
| 3. Tailored solutions for specific communities |
| 4. Increased access to healthy, culturally appropriate foods |
Let’s embrace these innovative solutions and partnerships to ensure a more secure and sustainable future for our global food systems!
Sustainable Development Goals and Food Security in the Caribbean
Link between food security and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals
Progress and challenges in achieving Goal 2: Zero Hunger
| Progress | Significant progress has been made in improving food security in the Caribbean, evident from the reduction of chronic malnutrition rates in children. Additionally, the region’s focus on sustainable agriculture and resilient agri-food systems reflects positive strides in achieving Goal 2. |
| Challenges | Despite progress, challenges persist, including high rates of chronic malnutrition in some countries and the alarming increase in overweight and obesity. Collaborative efforts are essential to address these challenges and ensure sustainable food security. |
Future outlook for sustainable food security in the region
All aspects of the CARICOM World Food Programme’s initiatives align with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 2: Zero Hunger. Through ongoing efforts, the Caribbean’s progress in addressing food security challenges reflects its dedication to achieving sustainable development.
Partnerships and Collaborations
Engagement with local governments and organizations
Local governments play a crucial role in addressing food insecurity through various means such as education, environmental management, and the promotion of local economic development. They can collaborate to improve access to essential services like roads, water, electricity, and healthcare.
For instance, the Ontario government has taken a proactive approach by developing a multi-pronged local food strategy to increase local food production and accessibility.
Regional and international partnerships for food security
International partnerships are vital for enhancing food security globally. The European Union has launched a Regional Food Security program with substantial financial support to ensure sustainable agriculture and food security.
Additionally, collaborations between countries like the United States and Mexico have led to significant agricultural projects, enabling the commercialization of genetically engineered crops to address food shortages in developing nations.
Involvement of private sector and civil society in addressing food insecurity
The private sector and civil society also play a pivotal role in addressing food insecurity through various initiatives. Private sector involvement can lead to better access to quality food and nutrition for more people, creating a positive impact on global food security.
Furthermore, civil society contributions to food security have been identified through systematic approaches, showcasing their dedication to combating food insecurity through advocacy and practical actions.
| Organizations | Initiatives |
|---|---|
| Ontario | Multi-pronged local food strategy |
| European Union | Regional Food Security program |
| United States | Collaborative agricultural projects |
Partnerships and collaborations at local, regional, and international levels, involving governments, organizations, private sectors, and civil society, are essential for addressing food insecurity and ensuring global food security. These efforts reflect a united front in combating hunger and promoting sustainable food systems across the world.
Alliance for Food Security and Prosperity, unite!
PS: Don’t we all love a well-organized table with great initiatives? That’s what partnerships are all about!
Data and Statistics on Food Security in the Caribbean
Current state of food security in CARICOM member countries
The current state of food security in CARICOM member countries is dire, with a substantial increase in food insecurity since April 2020. Approximately 4.1 million people in the English-speaking Caribbean, representing 57% of the population, are facing food insecurity, marking a dramatic increase of 1.3 million since February 2022. This situation underscores the urgent need for interventions and support to address the escalating food security crisis in the region.
Trends and indicators of food insecurity
Trends and indicators of food insecurity in the Caribbean are alarming, with a recent survey revealing a 46% increase in the number of people facing moderate to severe levels of food insecurity in the English-speaking Caribbean over the last six months. This data indicates a significant worsening of food insecurity within a relatively short period, highlighting the rapid and concerning nature of the issue.
Additionally, the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity among individuals remains notably high locally at approximately 67.5%, contrasting starkly with the global average of 27.6%.
Comparative analysis with global food security data
In comparison with global food security data, the Caribbean stands out as the subregion with the highest prevalence of food insecurity. The latest data reveals that 64% of the population in the Caribbean experiences moderate or severe food insecurity, with 30.5% facing severe food insecurity.
This places the Caribbean at the forefront of the food insecurity crisis, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions and collaborative efforts to address and alleviate the pressing challenges faced by the region.
| Region | Prevalence of Food Insecurity |
|---|---|
| Latin America & Caribbean | 64% moderate/severe, 30.5% severe |
| Global Average | 27.6% |
This stark contrast between the Caribbean and the global average underscores the severity of the situation and calls for immediate attention and dedicated strategies to improve food security within the region.
Funding and Resource Allocation
Budget allocation for food security programs in CARICOM
The budget allocation for food security programs in CARICOM has been a significant focus, with a specific aim to reduce the region’s food import bill. For example, the allocation of resources towards increased production of key products such as poultry, corn, soya, fish, sheep, goats, as well as various fruits and vegetables is a strategic approach to achieve a 25% reduction in the food import bill by 2025.
International aid and donor contributions
In addressing food insecurity, CARICOM has also sought international aid and donor contributions. This has been crucial in supporting initiatives aimed at enhancing food security and nutrition in the region.
The collaboration with international partners and the receipt of aid demonstrate a collective effort to combat food insecurity and improve the livelihoods of the Caribbean population.
Financial challenges and gaps in addressing food insecurity
Despite efforts to address food insecurity, there are notable financial challenges and gaps. The susceptibility to natural disasters, rising international debt, out-migration, rapid urbanization, and high imports to meet basic needs present significant hurdles.
Overcoming these challenges will require innovative financial strategies and robust partnership engagements to bolster food security initiatives in CARICOM.
| Country | Budget Allocation (in G$) |
|---|---|
| Guyana | 651 million |
The table above showcases a concrete example of budget allocation in Guyana for further development and support of food security programs within CARICOM.
Remember, everyone will go through hoops, but it’s the great ones that come out on top in the end. #Winning
Education and Awareness Campaigns
Importance of educating communities about nutrition and food sustainability
It is crucial to educate communities about nutrition and food sustainability, especially in the context of the Caricom World Food Programme. By providing comprehensive knowledge about the importance of a balanced diet and sustainable food systems, communities can make informed choices that positively impact their health and the environment.
Behavioral change initiatives to reduce food waste
Implementing behavioral change initiatives is essential for reducing food waste within the Caricom World Food Programme. Educating individuals about the economic and environmental impact of food waste can encourage them to alter their consumption and disposal habits.
For instance, promoting meal planning and effective food storage techniques can significantly minimize unnecessary food wastage.
Advocacy for policy change and government support for food security programs
Advocating for policy change and securing government support for food security programs is vital in enhancing the effectiveness of the Caricom World Food Programme. By influencing policy decisions and allocating resources to address food insecurity, it ensures sustainable access to nutritious food for all communities.
Moreover, encouraging collaboration between governmental organizations and non-profit entities can further bolster food security initiatives.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Food Security Programs
Monitoring and evaluation of World Food Programme initiatives
The Caricom World Food Programme employs continuous monitoring and evaluation to assess the performance and achievements of its initiatives. This systematic approach allows for the collection of detailed data, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of the chosen approaches.
Impact assessment of interventions on local communities
The Caricom World Food Programme conducts thorough impact assessments to determine the effects of its interventions on local communities. These assessments analyze the outcomes and implications of the initiatives, considering factors such as access to food, nutritional improvement, and community resilience.
Key performance indicators for measuring success
The Caricom World Food Programme utilizes key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the success of its programs. These KPIs provide quantifiable metrics to gauge the effectiveness of the initiatives, including factors such as food security levels, nutritional diversity, and overall community well-being.
Public Health and Food Security
The intersection of food security and public health
Food security intersects with public health in several ways. Firstly, inadequate access to nutritious food can lead to malnutrition, which in turn impacts overall public health.
Malnutrition can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to various diseases and infections. Additionally, food insecurity can contribute to stress and anxiety, which are detrimental to mental health.
Therefore, addressing food security is crucial for improving public health outcomes.
Disease prevention and nutritional interventions
Disease prevention and nutritional interventions are key components in addressing the intersection of food security and public health. By promoting access to nutritious foods, especially in underserved communities, the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity can be mitigated.
Implementing nutritional education initiatives and providing resources for balanced diets can significantly contribute to disease prevention and improve overall health outcomes.
Access to healthcare and its relationship to food security
Access to healthcare is closely linked to food security. Individuals experiencing food insecurity may struggle to afford essential healthcare services or prioritize food purchases over medical expenses.
This can lead to delays in seeking necessary medical care, resulting in adverse health consequences. Furthermore, addressing food security is essential for optimizing healthcare outcomes, as proper nutrition is integral to overall health and well-being.
| Key Points |
|---|
| Food security and public health are interconnected, impacting immune health and mental well-being. |
| Nutritional interventions play a crucial role in disease prevention and improving health outcomes. |
| Access to healthcare is influenced by food security, highlighting the need for holistic support. |
Addressing Climate Change and Food Security
Sustainable agricultural practices in the face of climate change
- Sustainable agricultural practices in the face of climate change involve implementing techniques to minimize environmental impact while maintaining productivity. For example, Caricom World Food Programme supports sustainable methods like crop rotation, conservation tillage, and using gas-capture systems for livestock to mitigate climate change effects on agriculture.
Adaptation and mitigation strategies for agricultural resilience
- Adaptation and mitigation strategies for agricultural resilience encompass proactive measures to withstand and reduce the impact of climate change on farming. The Caricom World Food Programme advocates for efficient irrigation management, organic farming practices, and increasing soil health to enhance agricultural resilience in the face of climate variability.
International cooperation in addressing climate-related food insecurity
- International cooperation in addressing climate-related food insecurity involves collaborative efforts to support vulnerable regions and promote sustainable food production. The Caricom World Food Programme emphasizes the importance of maintaining open trade and engaging global stakeholders to ensure food security amidst climate challenges.
| Agriculture Strategy | Key Focus |
|---|---|
| Crop Rotation | Environmental Sustainability |
| Conservation Tillage | Climate Change Mitigation |
| Organic Farming | Resilience and Adaptation |
| Efficient Irrigation | Climate-Resilient Farming |
These strategies align with the global initiative to combat climate-related food insecurity and ensure sustainable agricultural practices for a more resilient future.
Recommended Amazon Products for Addressing Food Security in the Caribbean
Here’s a curated list of products that can help address food security in the Caribbean with ease. These recommendations are based on functionality, quality, and reviews.
WaterBOB Emergency Drinking Water Storage
The WaterBOB Emergency Drinking Water Storage is recommended for its capability to store up to 100 gallons of fresh water, providing a secure and clean water supply during emergency situations. It is made of food-grade plastic and is easy to set up in bathtubs, ensuring access to safe drinking water during crises.
However, it may not be suitable for households without bathtubs.
Augason Farms 30-Day 1-Person Emergency Food Supply
This emergency food supply pack from Augason Farms contains a variety of nutritious meals and has a shelf life of up to 25 years, making it suitable for long-term food security preparation. It provides essential nutrients and is easy to prepare, offering a reliable solution for individuals in the Caribbean.
However, it may not accommodate specific dietary restrictions.
SOS Food Labs Emergency Water Rations
SOS Food Labs Emergency Water Rations are recommended for their compact and portable design, providing easy access to emergency drinking water. Each pack contains 64 individual water pouches, making it suitable for distribution during disaster relief efforts.
However, it may have a relatively short shelf life.
LifeStraw Personal Water Filter
The LifeStraw Personal Water Filter is an essential tool for accessing clean drinking water from various sources, including streams and rivers. It removes 99.9999% of waterborne bacteria and 99.9% of waterborne protozoan parasites, ensuring safe hydration during emergencies.
However, it may not be suitable for large-scale water purification.
Mountain House Essential Bucket
The Mountain House Essential Bucket offers a variety of freeze-dried meals with a long shelf life, providing a convenient option for food security preparation. It includes a mix of breakfast, lunch, and dinner options, making it suitable for different dietary needs.
However, it may require access to clean water for rehydration.
Top Recommended Product for Addressing Food Security in the Caribbean
If you’re looking for the best solution for addressing food security in the Caribbean, we highly recommend the Augason Farms 30-Day 1-Person Emergency Food Supply (https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Augason+Farms+30-Day+1-Person+Emergency+Food+Supply). This emergency food supply pack offers a diverse selection of long-lasting, nutritious meals, making it an ideal choice for ensuring food security in the region.
| Product | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| WaterBOB Emergency Drinking Water Storage | Stores up to 100 gallons of water, easy setup | Not suitable for households without bathtubs |
| Augason Farms 30-Day 1-Person Emergency Food Supply | Long shelf life, diverse meal options | May not accommodate specific dietary restrictions |
| SOS Food Labs Emergency Water Rations | Compact and portable design, suitable for distribution | Relatively short shelf life |
| LifeStraw Personal Water Filter | Removes waterborne bacteria and parasites, portable | Not suitable for large-scale water purification |
| Mountain House Essential Bucket | Long shelf life, diverse meal options | Requires clean water for rehydration |
Conclusion
The Caricom World Food Programme has successfully provided food assistance to thousands of families in the Caribbean region, addressing the issue of food insecurity and malnutrition. The program’s efforts have made a significant impact on the lives of many individuals, ensuring that they have access to nutritious meals during times of crisis.
Through its partnerships and initiatives, the Caricom World Food Programme has demonstrated its commitment to improving food security and reducing hunger in the Caribbean.
The Caricom World Food Programme has effectively collaborated with local governments, organizations, and communities to implement sustainable food security solutions. The program’s holistic approach to addressing the root causes of hunger and malnutrition has resulted in long-term positive outcomes for those in need.
By prioritizing the most vulnerable populations, the Caricom World Food Programme has demonstrated its dedication to achieving a hunger-free Caribbean region.
The Caricom World Food Programme’s impactful initiatives and strategies have showcased its dedication to building resilient food systems and empowering communities. Through its continued efforts, the program has played a crucial role in ensuring that individuals and families have the necessary resources to lead healthy and productive lives.
The Caricom World Food Programme’s work reflects a commitment to achieving food security and improving the overall well-being of the Caribbean population.
Frequently Asked Questions
How effective is the World Food Programme?
Is World Food Program (WFP) a Good & Trustworthy organization?
What are the goals of the World Food Programme?
WFP and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
What are the core competencies of WFP?
What is the World Food Programme under?
Does the Caribbean have food security?
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Reference Links
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11910063/
- https://unsdg.un.org/latest/announcements/new-un-report-hunger-latin-america-and-caribbean-rose-138-million-people-just
- https://issuu.com/caricomorg/docs/caricom_secretariat_strategic_plan_2022-2030
- https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/climate-plan/national-adaptation-strategy/full-strategy.html
